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                                  TYPES OF BOOK





A common separation by content are fiction and nonfictional books. By no means are books limited to this classification, but it is a separation that can be found in most collections, libraries, and bookstores.A museum is distinguished by a collection of often unique objects that forms the core of its activities for exhibitions, education, research, etc. This differentiates it from an archive or library, where the contents may be more paperbased, replaceable and less exhibition oriented. A museum normally has a collecting policy for new acquisitions, so only objects in certain categories and of a certain quality are accepted into the collection. The process by which an object is formally included in the collection is called accessioning and each object is given a unique accession number.Because museums cannot collect everything, each potential new addition must be carefully considered as to its appropriateness for a given museums defined area of interest.




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Museum collections, and archives in general, are normally catalogued in a collection catalog, traditionally in a card index, but nowadays in a computerized database. Transferring collection catalogues onto computerbased media is a major undertaking for most museums. All new acquisitions are normally catalogued on a computer in modern museums, but there is typically a backlog of old catalogue entries to be computerized as time and funding allows.Museum collections are widely varied. There are collections of art, of scientific specimens, of historic objects, of living zoological specimens, of cheese and much more. Because there are so many things to collect, most museums have a specific area of specialization. For example, a history museum may only collect objects relevant to a particular county or even a single person, or focus on a type of object such as automobiles or stamps. Art museums may focus on a period, such as modern art, or a region. Very large museums will often have many subcollections, each with its own criteria for collecting. A natural history museum, for example, will have mammals in a separate collection from insects.

                                    FICTION

 



Many of the books published today are fictitious stories. They are inpart or completely untrue or fantasy. Historically, paper production was expensive too expensive to be used for entertainment. An increase in global literacy and print technology led to the increased publication of books for the purpose of entertainment, and allegorical social commentary. Most fiction is additionally categorized by genre.The novel is the most common form of fictional book. Novels are stories that typically feature a plot, setting, themes and characters. Stories and narrative are not restricted to any topic a novel can be whimsical, serious or controversial. The novel has had a tremendous impact on entertainment and publishing markets.Comic books or graphic novels are books in which the story is told, but not illustrated, with pictures.



The definition of the term in the last two or three centuries has usually embraced several other criteria artistic merit, fictional content, a design to create an epic totality of life, a focus on history and the individual. Critics and scholars have related the novel to several neighboring genres. On the one hand, it is related to public and private histories, such as the nonfiction memoir and the autobiography. On the other hand, the novel can be viewed as a form of art, to be evaluated critically in terms of the history of literature and calling for a specific sensitivity on the part of the reader to fully understand and properly appreciate it.Entertainment is an activity designed to give people pleasure or relaxation. An audience may participate in the entertainment passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in games.Entertainment has been around almost since the beginning of human time, when early humans started painting in caves.The playing of sports and reading of literature are usually included in entertainment, but these are often called recreation, because they involve some active participation beyond mere leisure.The industry that provides entertainment is called the entertainment industry.

                              NONFICTION






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In a library, a general type of nonfiction book which provides information as opposed to telling a story, essay, commentary, or otherwise supporting a point of view, is often referred to as a reference book. A very general reference book, usually onevolume, with lists of data and information on many topics is called an almanac. An encyclopedia is a book or set of books designed to have more indepth articles on many topics. A book listing words, their etymology, meanings, etc. is called a dictionary. A book which is a collection of maps is an atlas. A more specific reference book with tables or lists of data and information about a certain topic, often intended for professional use, is often called a handbook. Books which try to list references and abstracts in a certain broad area may be called an index, such as Engineering Index, or abstracts such as Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, etc.Books with technical information on how to do something or how to use some equipment are called instruction manuals. Other popular howto books include cookbooks and home improvement books.



Students typically store and carry textbooks and schoolbooks for study purposes. Elementary school pupils often use workbooks which are published with spaces or blanks to be filled by them for study or homework. In higher education, is it common for a student to take an exam requiring a bluebook.A Telephone Directory, with business and residence listings.A page from a notebook used as hand written diary .There is a large set of books that are made only to write private ideas, notes, and accounts. These type of books are rarely published and typically are destroyed or remain private. Notebooks are blank books to be written in by the user. Students and writers commonly use them for taking notes. Scientists and other researchers use lab notebooks to record their work. They often feature spiral coil bindings at the edge so that pages may easily be torn out.
Address books, phone books, and calendarappointment books are commonly used on a daily basis for recording appointments, meetings and personal contact information.
Books for recording periodic entries by the user, such as daily information about a journey, are called logbooks or simply logs. A similar book for writing daily the owners private personal events, information, and ideas is called a diary or personal journal.Businesses use accounting books such as journals and ledgers to record financial data in a practice called bookkeeping.

                               OTHER TYPES




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There are several other types of books which are not commonly found under this system. Albums are books for holding a group of items belonging to a particular theme, such as a set of photographs, card collections, and memorabilia. One common example are stamp albums, which are used by many hobbyists to protect and organize their collections of Postage stamps. Such albums are often made using removable plastic pages held inside in a ringed binder or other similar folder.Hymnals are books with collections of musical hymns that can typically be found in churches. Prayerbooks or missals are books that contain written prayers and are commonly carried by monks, nuns, and other devoted followers or clergy.A postage stamp is adhesive paper evidence of a fee paid for postal services. Usually a small rectangle attached to an envelope, the stamp signifies the person sending it has fully or partly paid for delivery.



Postage stamps are the most popular way of paying for retail mail alternatives include prepaidpostage envelopes and postage meters. The study of postage stamps is philately. Stamp collecting is the hobby of collecting stamps.Online photos can be uploaded and made into a coffee table style photobook. Different online services offer options such as photo editing, varied sizes, varied bleeds, layouts, cover design, colors, etc. Some services even expand the idea of a photo album by allowing a photograph to become part of many photo albums, add comments and keywords to these photographs and use these keywords as the mean to create new photo albums. Some online photo albums provide services such as photo printing and options to upload pictures to your cellular phones.

TYPES OF BOOKS ACCORDING TO THEIRBINDINGORCOVER





Hardcover books have a stiff binding. Paperback books have cheaper, flexible covers which tend to be less durable. An alternative to paperback is the glossy cover, otherwise known as a dust cover, found on magazines, and comic books. Spiral bound books are bound by spirals often made of metal. Examples of spiral bound books include teachers manuals, and puzzle books crosswords, sudoku.Publishing is a process for producing books, magazines, newspapers, etc. preprinted for the readeruser to buy, usually in large numbers by a publishing company. Such books can be categorized as fiction madeup stories or nonfiction information written as fact. A booklength fiction story is called a novel.Publishers may produce lowcost, prepublication copies known as galleys or bound proofs for promotional purposes, such as generating reviews in advance of publication. Galleys are usually made as cheaply as possible, since they are not intended for sale.



A hardcover, hardback, or hardbound is a book bound with rigid protective covers typically of cardboard covered with cloth, heavy paper, or sometimes leather. They may have flexible sewn spines which allow the book to lie flat on a surface when opened, although most modern commercial hardcover books have glued spines.Hardcover books are often printed on acidfree paper, and are much more durable than paperbacks, which have flexible, easily damaged paper covers and glued spines. Hardcover books are also marginally more expensive to manufacture and usually much more to purchase. Hardcovers frequently come with artistic dust jackets.If brisk sales are anticipated, a hardcover edition of a book is typically released first, followed by a trade paperback edition same format as hardcover the next year. For very popular books these sales cycles may be extended, and followed by a mass market paperback edition typeset in a more compact size and printed on thinner, less durable paper. This is intended to, in part, prolong the life of the immediate buying boom that occurs for some best sellers. After the attention to the book has subsided, a lower cost version, the paperback, is released to entice further sales.



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